Louisbourg

   A seaport on the south-east coast of Cape Breton. Formerly the chief stronghold of France in America. The fortress, named after Louis XIV, was begun in 1790; twenty-five years were spent in fortifying it; and the cost was estimated at thirty million livres. Captured by the British under Pepperell and Warren in 1745; ceded back to France by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle; and again captured by the British under Amherst and Boscawen, in 1758.

   Index: WM Guards Gulf of St. Lawrence, 17; composition of garrison, 30; capture of, 71; expedition against Quebec, sails to, 85. Ch Commonly known as Port aux Anglais, 236. See also Cape Breton; Boscawen; Wolfe; Amherst.

   Bib.: Parkman, Half-Century of Conflict and Montcalm and Wolfe; Lettre d'un Habitant, ed. by Wrong; Archibald, First Siege of Louisbourg (R. S. C., 1887); Bourinot, Cape Breton and its Memorials; Wood, Logs of the Conquest of Canada.